This survey of PAS users in Virginia's Home and Community Based Services Medicaid Waiver programs addressed use of PAS at home and, if applicable, at work.

Respondents ranged from 18 to 91 years of age. The vast majority (94%) received PAS at home for an average of 63 hours a week. Respondents overwhelmingly reported significant functional limitations, requiring PAS for multiple activities of daily living.

Only 17 respondents (2%) reported having a paid job; eight of these received PAS in the workplace. Of these, only 2 had their PAS paid for by Medicaid. Six employed respondents said that working would be impossible without PAS, and all eight rated their workplace PAS as very good to excellent. Among unemployed respondents, only 9% indicated that they could work if PAS was available in the workplace. The report concludes that employment is a significant challenge for those in the state's HCBS waiver programs.